Person Page - 163

     Mary Robbins was born on 22 June 1766 at Douglas, MA, under the name Robens.¹ She was the daughter of Zeruiah Robbins. Mary Robbins married Stephen Humphrey, son of Capt Ebenezer Humphrey and Ruth Shumway, on 13 April 1786 at Douglas, MA; listed as Stephen of Oxford and Molly of Douglas.^1,2,3 Mary Robbins died on 6 January 1846 at Dudley, MA; aged 79y 6m 15d, under the name Upham, from old age.⁴

     Zeruiah Robbins was born on 25 February 1742 at New Sherburne (Douglas), MA.¹

     Mary Kingsbury died at Goshen, NH.¹ She was born on 20 March 1742 at Oxford, MA, under the name Kingsbery.² She was the daughter of Josiah Kingsbury and Mary (?). Marriage banns for Mary Kingsbury and Arthur Humphrey were published on 14 July 1758 at Oxford, MA.²
     Mary Kingsbury and Arthur Humphrey immigrated circa 1780 to Charlton, MA.¹ Mary Kingsbury and Arthur Humphrey immigrated circa 1781 to Goshen, NH.¹

     Deacon John Dana was born on 18 November 1738 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Phineas Dana and Hannah Twichell. Deacon John Dana married Hannah Humphrey, daughter of Ebenezer Humphrey and Sarah Rice, on 15 December 1761 at Oxford, MA.¹ Deacon John Dana died on 20 March 1816 at Oxford, MA; aged 77y.¹

     Samuel Amidown was born on 28 January 1781 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 He was the son of Jeremiah Amidown and Elizabeth Martin. Samuel Amidown married Lucy Humphrey, daughter of Capt Ebenezer Humphrey and Ruth Shumway, on 28 August 1809 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 Samuel Amidown died on 16 February 1827 at Oxford, MA; aged 46y.^1,2

     William Davis was buried at Webster-Dudley Cemetery, Webster, MA.¹ He was born circa 1779 at Oxford, MA, (not found in the published records).² He was the son of Joseph Davis and Hannah Lamb. William Davis married Rachel Humphrey, daughter of Capt Ebenezer Humphrey and Ruth Shumway, on 6 September 1803 at Oxford, MA.³ William Davis died on 1 March 1848 at Webster, MA; (27 Feb per gravestone, 28 Feb per Daniels) aged 69y.^4,1,2

     Sally Davis was born on 5 December 1778 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 She was the daughter of Craft Davis and Catherine Streeter. Sally Davis married Rufus Humphrey, son of Capt Ebenezer Humphrey and Ruth Shumway, on 14 April 1812 at Oxford, MA; under the name Witherell.¹ Sally Davis died on 5 November 1844 at Oxford, MA; aged 66y, under the name Humphrey, from dropsy.^1,3

     Rufus Learned was born on 10 June 1772 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 He was the son of Gen. Ebenezer Learned and Jerusha Baker. Rufus Learned married Mary Humphrey, daughter of Capt Ebenezer Humphrey and Ruth Shumway, on 3 May 1791 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 Rufus Learned died on 17 January 1803 at Oxford, MA; aged 30y 6m.^1,2

     Jesse Kidder was baptized on 26 April 1772 at Dudley, MA.¹ He was the son of David Kidder and Susanna Upham. Jesse Kidder married Sarah Humphrey, daughter of Capt Ebenezer Humphrey and Ruth Shumway, on 19 February 1795 at Oxford, MA.²

     Sarah Davis was born on 10 February 1774 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 She was the daughter of Deacon John Davis and Deborah Weld. Sarah Davis married Peter Humphrey, son of Capt Ebenezer Humphrey and Ruth Shumway, on 11 February 1802 at Oxford, MA; listed as Peter of Livermore, ME.^1,3

     Abigail Humphrey married (?) Merrill.¹ Abigail Humphrey was born on 25 October 1758 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.² She was the daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.

     John Humphrey was born on 16 June 1760 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.^1,2 He was the son of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury. John Humphrey died on 18 July 1769 at Oxford, MA; aged 9y, under the name Humphery.^1,2

     Jemima Humphrey was born on 22 March 1762 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.^1,2 She was the daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury. Jemima Humphrey was baptized on 25 April 1762 at Oxford, MA.¹ She died on 17 July 1769 at Oxford, MA; aged 7y, under the name Humphery.^1,2

     Ebenezer Humphrey was born on 8 May 1764 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.^1,2 He was the son of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.
     Ebenezer Humphrey immigrated to Ohio or Indiana.² He served in the Revolutionary Ward.²

     Bethia Humphrey was born on 27 March 1766 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.^1,2 She was the daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.

     Josiah Humphrey was born on 3 May 1768 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.^1,2 He was the son of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.
     Josiah Humphrey immigrated to Vermont.²

     Thomas Humphrey was born on 3 May 1768 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.^1,2 He was the son of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.
     Thomas Humphrey immigrated to Vermont.²

     Arthur Humphrey was born on 17 June 1770 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.¹ He was the son of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.
     Arthur Humphrey went west with his brother Ebenezer.²

     Mary Humphrey married (?) Butterfield.¹ Mary Humphrey was born on 9 September 1772 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.^2,1 She was the daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.
     Mary Humphrey and (?) Butterfield resided at Charlestown, NH.¹

     Samuel Humphrey died at New Jersey.¹ He was born on 18 October 1774 at Oxford, MA, under the name Humphery.^2,1 He was the son of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.
     Samuel Humphrey immigrated to New York, NY, late in life to live with daughters.¹ He immigrated to Unity, NH, after his parents' deaths.¹

     Catherine Humphrey married (?) Howard; first.¹ Catherine Humphrey married (?) Holden; second.¹ Catherine Humphrey was born on 17 December 1777 at Oxford, MA.^2,1 She was the daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.
     Catherine Humphrey and (?) Howard resided at Charlestown, NH.¹ Catherine Humphrey and (?) Holden resided at Charlestown, NH.¹

     Alexander Humphrey was born on 8 August 1780 at Charlton, MA.^1,2 He was the son of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.

     Jerusha Baker married Gen. Ebenezer Learned on 5 October 1749 at Oxford, MA.¹ Jerusha Baker died on 22 February 1799 at Oxford, MA; aged 67y, under the name Learned.¹

     Silvanus Learned was born on 30 May 1760 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 He was the son of Gen. Ebenezer Learned and Jerusha Baker. Silvanus Learned married Mary Humphrey, daughter of Capt Ebenezer Humphrey and Ruth Shumway, on 26 June 1806 at Oxford, MA; listed as widow Mary Learned.^1,2 Silvanus Learned died on 28 May 1826 at Oxford, MA; aged 66y, under the name Larned.^1,2

     Jeremiah Amidown was born on 12 November 1738 at Oxford, MA.¹ He married Elizabeth Martin on 23 February 1769 at Oxford, MA; listed as Elizabeth of Douglas.¹ Jeremiah Amidown died on 2 May 1813 at Oxford, MA; aged 74y.¹

     Elizabeth Martin married Jeremiah Amidown on 23 February 1769 at Oxford, MA; listed as Elizabeth of Douglas.¹ Elizabeth Martin died on 10 October 1828 at Oxford, MA; under the name Amidown.¹

     Phineas Dana married Hannah Twichell on 8 March 1730/31 at Oxford, MA.¹

     Hannah Twichell married Phineas Dana on 8 March 1730/31 at Oxford, MA.¹ Hannah Twichell died on 21 December 1801 at Oxford, MA; under the name Dana.¹

     Sarah Dana was born on 18 July 1762 at Oxford, MA.¹ She was the daughter of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. Sarah Dana married Aaron How on 15 February 1798 at Oxford, MA; listed as Aaron of Marlborough.¹

     John Dana was born on 5 February 1765 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey.

     Hannah Dana was born on 5 May 1767 at Oxford, MA.¹ She was the daughter of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. Hannah Dana died on 3 July 1813 at Oxford, MA; aged 46y.¹

     Phineas Dana was born on 12 November 1768 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. Phineas Dana married Mehitabel Wolcott, daughter of Josiah Wolcott and Isabel Campbell, on 21 July 1793 at Oxford, MA.¹

     Lucy Dana was born on 7 April 1771 at Oxford, MA.¹ She was the daughter of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. Lucy Dana died on 1 July 1774 at Oxford, MA.¹

     Jeremiah Dana was born on 30 July 1773 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. Jeremiah Dana married Mary (?) on 27 November 1804 at Oxford, MA; under the name Hovy.¹

     Lucy Dana was born on 7 March 1776 at Oxford, MA.¹ She was the daughter of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. Lucy Dana died on 27 August 1779 at Oxford, MA.¹

     Jemima Dana was born on 19 May 1778 at Oxford, MA.¹ She was the daughter of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. Jemima Dana married John Ballard, son of Lt. John Ballard and Mary Marsh, on 6 November 1797 at Oxford, MA.¹ Jemima Dana died on 12 February 1830 at Oxford, MA; (14th and aged 47 per town records) aged 51y 9m, under the name Ballard.¹

     Ebenezer Dana was born on 30 October 1782 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. Marriage banns for Ebenezer Dana and Tamar Beaman were published on 18 January 1823 at Oxford, MA; listed as Tamar Beaman Dana of Sterling.¹

     William Dana was born on 16 August 1785 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey. William Dana married Harriet Pratt on 12 July 1812 at Oxford, MA.¹

     Thomas Dana was born on 4 July 1787 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey.

     Silvanus Dana was born on 28 May 1790 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey.

     Marriage banns for Tamar Beaman and Ebenezer Dana were published on 18 January 1823 at Oxford, MA; listed as Tamar Beaman Dana of Sterling.¹

     John Ballard was born on 15 April 1768 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Lt. John Ballard and Mary Marsh. John Ballard married Jemima Dana, daughter of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey, on 6 November 1797 at Oxford, MA.¹ John Ballard died on 10 November 1839; aged 71y 7m.¹

     Mary (?) married Jeremiah Dana, son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey, on 27 November 1804 at Oxford, MA; under the name Hovy.¹ Mary (?) died on 25 February 1842 at Oxford, MA; aged 70y, under the name Dana.¹

     Mehitabel Wolcott was born on 12 July 1771 at Oxford, MA, under the name Walcott.¹ She was the daughter of Josiah Wolcott and Isabel Campbell. Mehitabel Wolcott married Phineas Dana, son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey, on 21 July 1793 at Oxford, MA.¹

     Aaron How was buried at Old Cemetery, Spencer, MA.¹ He was born circa 2 April 1774 at Marlborough, MA, as calculated from his death record. He married Sarah Dana, daughter of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey, on 15 February 1798 at Oxford, MA; listed as Aaron of Marlborough.² Aaron How died on 16 December 1848 at Leicester, MA; (15th per gravestone) aged 74y 8m 14d, from old age.^3,1

     Harriet Pratt married William Dana, son of Deacon John Dana and Hannah Humphrey, on 12 July 1812 at Oxford, MA.¹

     Lt. John Ballard was born on 30 March 1731 at Oxford, MA.¹ He married Mary Marsh on 18 December 1766 at Oxford, MA; listed as Mary of Douglas.¹ Lt. John Ballard died in October 1810 at Oxford, MA; aged 80y.¹

     Mary Marsh married Lt. John Ballard on 18 December 1766 at Oxford, MA; listed as Mary of Douglas.¹ Mary Marsh died on 16 March 1770 at Oxford, MA; aged 31y, under the name Ballard.¹

     (?) Merrill married Abigail Humphrey, daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.¹

     (?) Butterfield married Mary Humphrey, daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.¹
     (?) Butterfield and Mary Humphrey resided at Charlestown, NH.¹

     (?) Howard married Catherine Humphrey, daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury; first.¹
     (?) Howard and Catherine Humphrey resided at Charlestown, NH.¹

     (?) Holden married Catherine Humphrey, daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury; second.¹
     (?) Holden and Catherine Humphrey resided at Charlestown, NH.¹

     George Humphrey died at Goshen, NH; aged 40y.¹ He was born at Goshen, NH.¹ He was the son of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury.

     Sarah Humphrey died at Goshen, NH.¹ She was born at Goshen, NH.¹ She was the daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury. Sarah Humphrey married Zachariah Jones; Zachariah of Goshen.¹

     Zachariah Jones died at Claremont, NH.¹ He married Sarah Humphrey, daughter of Arthur Humphrey and Mary Kingsbury; Zachariah of Goshen.¹

     Lemuel Crane was born on 29 October 1736 at Berkley, MA.¹ He married Bathsheba Gilbert on 13 December 1759 at Berkley, MA.²
     Lemuel Crane and Bathsheba Gilbert immigrated in 1780 to Oxford, MA.²

     Bathsheba Gilbert was born on 17 August 1741 at Berkley, MA.¹ She married Lemuel Crane on 13 December 1759 at Berkley, MA.¹ Bathsheba Gilbert died on 20 September 1806 at Oxford, MA; under the name Crane.²
     Bathsheba Gilbert and Lemuel Crane immigrated in 1780 to Oxford, MA.¹

     Deacon John Davis was born on 30 November 1732 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 He married Deborah Weld on 27 October 1757 at Roxbury, MA; (transcribed as 1751 in the published Roxbury records) listed as John of Oxford and Deborah of Roxbury.^3,1,4 Deacon John Davis died on 10 May 1801 at Oxford, MA; aged 68y 6m.^1,4

     Deborah Weld was born on 4 September 1734 at Roxbury, MA.¹ She married Deacon John Davis on 27 October 1757 at Roxbury, MA; (transcribed as 1751 in the published Roxbury records) listed as John of Oxford and Deborah of Roxbury.^1,2,3 Deborah Weld died on 6 October 1777 at Oxford, MA; under the name Davis.^2,3

     Craft Davis was born on 15 April 1744 at Oxford, MA, under the name Daviss.^1,2 He was the son of Benjamin Davis and Sibyl Rocket. Craft Davis married Catherine Streeter on 16 January 1772 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 Craft Davis died on 5 December 1836 at Oxford, MA; aged 93y.^1,2

     Catherine Streeter was born on 17 June 1757 at Douglas, MA.¹ She married Craft Davis, son of Benjamin Davis and Sibyl Rocket, on 16 January 1772 at Oxford, MA.^2,3 Catherine Streeter died circa 1812.³

     David Kidder was born on 28 June 1740 at Dudley, MA.¹ He married Susanna Upham on 23 February 1768 at Dudley, MA.¹

     Susanna Upham married David Kidder on 23 February 1768 at Dudley, MA.¹

     Isaac Learned Jr was born on 5 February 1760 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Lt. Isaac Learned and Mary Leavens. Marriage banns for Isaac Learned Jr and Rachel Phillips were published on 3 April 1784 at Charlton, MA; listed as Isaac Lerned and Rachel of Sturbridge.² Marriage banns for Isaac Learned Jr and Rachel Phillips were published on 5 April 1784 at Sturbridge, MA; listed as Isaac of Charlton.³

     Capt. Jonathan Perry married Lois Phillips, daughter of Jonathan Phillips and Rachel Humphrey, on 30 April 1794 at Sturbridge, MA.¹ Capt. Jonathan Perry died on 3 February 1813 at Sturbridge, MA; aged 42y.¹

     Dea. Asa Greene married Lois Phillips, daughter of Jonathan Phillips and Rachel Humphrey, on 27 December 1814 at Sturbridge, MA; listed as Asa of Bridgewater, VT.¹

     Sylvanus Curtis was buried at Old Cemetery, Sturbridge, MA.¹ He married Mary Phillips, daughter of Jonathan Phillips and Rachel Humphrey, on 14 November 1776 at Brookfield, MA; listed as Sylvanus of Brookfield and Mary of Sturbridge.^2,1 Sylvanus Curtis died on 23 June 1800 at Sturbridge, MA; aged 52y.¹

     Joseph Davis was born on 23 October 1741 at Oxford, MA.¹ He was the son of Benjamin Davis and Sibyl Rocket. Joseph Davis married Hannah Lamb on 15 January 1771 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 Joseph Davis died on 14 September 1813 at Oxford, MA.^1,2

     Hannah Lamb was born on 27 August 1745 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 She married Joseph Davis, son of Benjamin Davis and Sibyl Rocket, on 15 January 1771 at Oxford, MA.^1,3

     Joseph Blanchard was born on 2 May 1713 at Nashoba (Littleton), MA.¹ He married Abigail Brewer on 13 January 1742 at Boston, MA.²

     Abigail Brewer was baptized on 19 November 1721 at Ipswich, MA.¹ She married Joseph Blanchard on 13 January 1742 at Boston, MA.² Abigail Brewer died on 27 November 1780 at Sutton, MA; aged ~60y, under the name Blanchard.³

     Josiah Kingsbury died on 15 April 1774 at Oxford, MA; aged 68y.¹

     Mary (?) died on 22 December 1776 at Oxford, MA; under the name Kingsbury.¹

     John Shumway was baptized on 16 August 1713 at Topsfield, MA.^1,2 He married Mary Dana on 19 May 1737 at Oxford, MA.^3,4 John Shumway died on 13 January 1810 at Oxford, MA; aged 96y 7m.^3,4

     Mary Dana married John Shumway on 19 May 1737 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 Mary Dana died in 1809 at Oxford, MA; aged 88y, under the name Shumway.^1,2

     Isaac Learned was born on 10 May 1680 at Framingham, MA, (not found in the published records).¹ He married Sarah How on 19 November 1706 at Framingham, MA.^2,1 Isaac Learned died on 20 May 1753 at Oxford, MA.^3,1

     Sarah How was born on 24 December 1686 at Sudbury, MA.^1,2 She married Isaac Learned on 19 November 1706 at Framingham, MA.^3,2

     Benjamin Davis was born on 5 March 1710 at Roxbury, MA.^1,2 He married Sibyl Rocket on 13 March 1734 at Oxford, MA; listed as Benjamin of Dudley.^3,2 Benjamin Davis died in 1787 at Oxford, MA; (not found in the published records).²

     Sibyl Rocket was born on 9 February 1714/15 at Oxford, MA.^1,2 She married Benjamin Davis on 13 March 1734 at Oxford, MA; listed as Benjamin of Dudley.^1,3

     Philip Amadon was born on 6 January 1747/48 at Oxford, MA, under the name Amidown.^1,2 He married Eunice Shumway, daughter of John Shumway and Mary Dana, on 2 November 1769 at Oxford, MA.^1,2,3 Philip Amadon died on 2 February 1834 at Fitzwilliam, NH.⁴
     Philip Amadon and Eunice Shumway immigrated circa 1778 to Chesterfield, NH.²

     Eunice Shumway was born on 13 March 1748/49 at Oxford, MA.¹ She was the daughter of John Shumway and Mary Dana. Eunice Shumway married Philip Amadon on 2 November 1769 at Oxford, MA.^1,2,3 Eunice Shumway died on 25 August 1837 at Fitzwilliam, NH.⁴
     Eunice Shumway and Philip Amadon immigrated circa 1778 to Chesterfield, NH.²

     Josiah Wolcott was born on 16 April 1733 at Salem, MA.^1,2 He married Isabel Campbell on 13 February 1751/52 at Oxford, MA.² Josiah Wolcott died on 9 December 1796 at Oxford, MA; aged 63y.²

     Isabel Campbell was born on 26 July 1728 at Oxford, MA.¹ She married Josiah Wolcott on 13 February 1751/52 at Oxford, MA.¹ Isabel Campbell died on 27 June 1786 at Oxford, MA; aged 57y, under the name Wolcott.¹

     Alpheus Loker was born on 7 October 1769 at Sudbury, MA.¹ He was the son of Capt. Isaac Loker and Anna Brintnal.

     Persis Hardy was born on 26 August 1744 at Grafton, MA.¹ She was the daughter of Aaron Hardy and Hepzibeth Bradish.

     Lydia Pierce married Capt. John Woods, son of Col Benjamin Woods and Elizabeth Morse, on 28 February 1810 at Hubbardston, MA.¹

     Amasa Bellows was born on 31 January 1763 at Holden, MA.¹ He was the son of Isaac Bellows and Eunice (?). Amasa Bellows married Elizabeth Woods, daughter of Capt. John Woods and Zerviah Barnes, on 23 February 1790 at Hubbardston, MA.² Amasa Bellows died on 22 June 1795 at Hubbardston, MA; aged 32y, killed raising a frame.²
     Did his widow Elizabeth marry his younger brother Asaph? The vital records of Hubbardston do not show any marriage for Asaph, but Asaph and wife Elizabeth began having children there in 1797, and they named one child John Woods Bellows.²

     Anne Woods was born on 7 January 1772 at Hubbardston, MA.¹ She was the daughter of Capt. John Woods and Zerviah Barnes.

     Dorothy Woods was born on 4 October 1774 at Hubbardston, MA.¹ She was the daughter of Capt. John Woods and Zerviah Barnes.

     (?) Woods was born on 30 October 1778 at Hubbardston, MA, according to doctors' records.¹ He was the son of Capt. John Woods and Zerviah Barnes.

     James Woods was born on 10 April 1781 at Hubbardston, MA.¹ He was the son of Capt. John Woods and Zerviah Barnes.

     Jemima (?) married Edward Woods, son of Capt. John Woods and Zerviah Barnes; (not found in the published records). Jemima (?) was buried at Center Cemetery, Hubbardston, MA.¹ She died on 13 October 1842 at Hubbardston, MA; aged 73y, under the name Woods.¹

     Isaac Bellows was born on 18 January 1726/27 at Marlborough (Southborough), MA.¹ He died on 22 May 1811 at Hubbardston, MA; aged 84y 4m.²

     Eunice (?) died on 11 March 1829 at Hubbardston, MA; aged 90y, under the name Bellows.¹

     Paul Barns was born on 10 October 1761 at Marlborough, MA.¹ He married Abigail Brigham, daughter of Antipas Brigham and Katherine Woods, on 18 January 1787 at Marlborough, MA.¹

     Capt. Ross Wyman died on 11 September 1808 at Shrewsbury, MA; aged 91y.¹

     Dinah (?) died on 15 November 1759 at Shrewsbury, MA; aged 33y, under the name Wyman.¹

     James Puffer was born on 5 May 1663 at Braintree, MA, (literally 3rd month).¹ He married Mary Ellis on 18 September 1690 at Braintree, MA.² James Puffer died on 11 November 1749 at Sudbury, MA.³

     Mary Ellis married James Puffer on 18 September 1690 at Braintree, MA.¹